NEB Exam Q: Write a short note on Uterus | Anatomy

Anatomy of Uterus, Supports of Genital Organs
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The uterus is a hollow pyriform muscular organ situated in the pelvis between the bladder and the rectum behind.
The uterus is primarily supported by the pelvic diaphragm, perineal body and the urogenital diaphragm. Secondarily, it is supported by ligaments and the peritoneum (broad ligament of uterus)


Anatomy of Uterus:
A. Position: Its normal position is one of the anteversion and anteflexion.

B. Measurement: It is about 8 cm long and 5 cm wide at the fundus and its walls are about 1.25 cm thick.

C. Parts: Uterus has got 3 parts:

1. Body or corpus: Fundus and body proper
2. Isthmus
3. Cervix

D. Structures: The wall consists of 3 layers form outside inwards-

1. Parametrium: It is the serous coat which invests the entire organ except on the lateral borders. The parametrium is intimately adherent to the underlying muscles.
2. Myometrium
3. Endometrium

E. Blood supply of uterus:

• Arterial supply:
  • One on each side arises from the anterior division of the internal iliac artery directly or as a branch of the hypogastric artery.
  • Ovarian and vaginal arteries: It anastomoses with uterine arteries.
• Venous Drainage: Corresponds to the arterial supply and drains into Internal Iliac veins.

F. Lymphatic drainage of uterus:

• Body of the uterus:
  • From the fundus and upper part of the body of the uterus- Aortic and lateral groups of glands.
  • Cornu- Superficial inguinal gland along the round ligament.
  • Lower part of the body: External iliac group
• Cervix:
  • External iliac, obturator lymphnodes either directly or through para-cervical lymph nodes.
  • Internal iliac groups
  • Sacral groups

G. Nerve supply of uterus:

• Sympathetic supply: T5 and T6 (motor) and T10-L1 spinal segments (Sensory).
• Parasympathetic supply : S2-S4 spinal segments.(mixed)

Q: Supports of the Uterus ? Name the ligaments that supports Uterus ?
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Supports of Genital organs:

Supports of the uterus:
A. Primary Supports:

1. Muscular or active support of Uterus:
   • Pelvic diaphragm
   • Perineal body
   • Urogenital diaphragm
2. Ligamentous (Fibromuscular or Mechanical) support
   • Transverse cervical ligaments of Mackenrodt or Cardinal ligament
   • Uterosacral ligament
   • Round ligament of the uterus
   • Pubocervical ligament
   • Uterine axis

B.Secondary supports formed by peritoneal ligaments

1. Broad ligament
2. Uterovesical fold of peritoneum
3. Rectovaginal fold of peritoneum

Cervical Ligaments


Support of the UTERUS​

 

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