MCQs PHARMACOLOGY: Glucocorticoid, Steroidal & Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

001. Glucocorticoids are hormonal steroids: a) Having an important effect on intermediary metabolism, cardiovascular function, growth, and immunity b) Having principally salt-retaining activity c) Having androgenic or estrogenic activity d) All of the above
002. Inflammation is: a) A localized protective reaction of a tissue to irritation, injury, or infection, characterized by pain, redness, swelling, and sometimes loss of function b) A deficiency of the normal immune response. c) A reaction resulting from an immune reaction produced by an individual's white blood cells or antibodies acting on the body's own tissues or extracellular proteins. d) All of the above
003. An acute, transient phase, of inflammation is characterized by: a) Local vasodilatation and increased capillary permeability (phase of damage) b) Infiltration of leucocytes and phagocytic cells (phase of exudation) c) Tissue degeneration and fibrosis occurrence (phase of proliferation) d) All of the above
004. A delayed, subacute phase, of inflammation is characterized by: a) Local vasodilatation and increased capillary permeability (phase of damage) b) Infiltration of leucocytes and phagocytic cells (phase of exudation) c) Tissue degeneration and fibrosis occurrence (phase of proliferation) d) All of the above
005. A chronic, proliferative phase, of inflammation is characterized by: a) Local vasodilatation and increased capillary permeability (phase of damage) b) Infiltration of leucocytes and phagocytic cells (phase of exudation) c) Tissue degeneration and fibrosis occurrence (phase of proliferation) d) All of the above
006. The following substances are considered to be referred to as eicosanoids: a) Prostaglandins b) Leukotrienes c) Thromboxanes d) All of the above
007. Correct statements about cortisol (hydrocortisone) include all of the following, EXCEPT: a) Cortisol is synthesized from cholesterol b) ACTH governs cortisol secretion c) Most cortisol is inactivated in the liver d) The half-life of cortisol in the circulations is normally about 60-90 hours.
008. Correct statements about glucocorticoids include all of the following, EXCEPT: a) Effects of glucocorticoids are mediated by widely distributed glucocorticoid receptors that are members of the superfamily of nuclear receptors. b) Glucocorticoids have dose-related metabolic effects on carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism. c) Glucocorticoids have pro-inflammatory effects. d) Glucocorticoids have catabolic effects in lymphoid and connective tissue, muscle, fat, and skin.
009. Physiologic doses of glucocorticoid can result in: a) Increased liver glycogen stores, gluconeogenesis and lipolysis b) Maintenance of cardiovascular function (by potentiation of norepinephrine) and skeletal muscle function c) Increased hemoglobin synthesis, resulting in elevated of red blood cell count d) All of the above 010. Which of the following glucocorticoids is a short- to medium-acting drug? a) Prednisolon b) Dexamethasone c) Triamcinolone d) All of the above
011. Which of the following glucocorticoids is an intermediate-acting drug? a) Cortisone b) Triamcinolone c) Butamethasone d) All of the above
012. Which of the following glucocorticoids is a long-acting drug? a) Prednisolon b) Dexamethasone c) Triamcinolone d) All of the above
013. Which of the following glucocorticoids have one fluoride atom in its chemical structure? a) Prednisolon b) Fluocinolone c) Triamcinolone d) All of the above
014. Which of the following glucocorticoids have two fluoride atoms in its chemical structure? a) Prednisolon b) Dexamethasone c) Fluocinolone d) Triamcinolone
015. Which of the following glucocorticoids has no fluoride atoms in its chemical structure? a) Prednisolon b) Dexamethasone c) Fluocinolone d) Triamcinolone
016. Anti-inflammatory effect of glucocorticoids is caused by a) Reducing the prostaglandin and leukotriene which results from inhibition of phospholipase A2 b) Reducing macrophages migration into the site of inflammation c) Decreasing capillary permeability d) All of the above
017. Which of the following statements concerning the anti-inflammatory effect of glucocorticoids is TRUE? a) Anti-inflammatory effect of glucocorticoids results from inhibition of cyclooxygenase b) Anti-inflammatory effect of glucocorticoids results from inhibition of phospholipase A2 and reducing prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis c) Induction of cyclooxygenase II expression which results in reducing amount of an enzyme available to produce prostoglandins d) All of the above
018. Immunosupressive effect of glucocorticoids is caused by: a) Reducing concentration of lymphocytes (T and B cells) and inhibiting function of tissue macrophages and other antigen-presenting cells b) Suppression of cyclooxygenase II expression which results in reducing amount of an enzyme available to produce prostoglandins c) Activation of phospholipase A2 and reducing prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis. d) All of the above
019. Which of the following statements concerning the anti-inflammatory effect of NSAIDs are TRUE? a) Anti-inflammatory effect of NSAIDs results from inhibition of cyclooxygenase b) Anti-inflammatory effect of NSAIDs results from inhibition of phospholipase A2 and reducing prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis c) Anti-inflammatory effect of NSAIDs results from induction of cyclooxygenase II expression which results in reducing the amount of an enzyme available to produce prostoglandins d) All of the above
020. Indication of glucocorticoids is: a) Chronic (Addison’s disease) and acute adrenocortical insufficiency b) Organ transplants (prevention and treatment of rejection – immunosuppression) c) Inflammatory conditions of bones and joints (arthritis, bursitis, tenosynovitis). d) All of the above
021. Indications of glucocorticoids are following, EXCEPT: a) Gastrointestinal diseases (inflammatory bowel disease) b) Postmenopausal hormonal therapy c) Inflammatory conditions of bones and joints (arthritis, bursitis, tenosynovitis) d) Skin diseases (atopic dermatitis, dermatoses, localized neurodermatitis)
022. Serious side effects of glucocorticoids include the following, EXCEPT: a) Acute peptic ulcers b) Iatrogenic Cushing’s syndrome (rounding, puffiness, fat deposition and plethora alter the appearance of the face – moon faces) c) Salicylism (vomiting, tinnitus, decreased hearing, and vertigo) d) Hypomania or acute psychosis
023. Serious side effects of glucocorticoids include the following: a) Adrenal suppression b) Insomnia, behavioral changes (primarily hypomania) c) Rounding, puffiness, fat deposition and plethora alter the appearance of the face – moon faces d) All of the above
024. Selective COX-2 inhibitors are safer than nonselective COX-1 inhibitors but without loss of efficacy. This consideration is: a) True b) False
025. The constitutive COX-2 isoform tends to be homeostatic in function, while COX-1 is induced during inflammation and tends to facilitate the inflammatory response. The consideration is: a) True b) False
026. Which of the following property combinations is peculiar to the majority of NSAIDs? a) Antihistaminic, antipyretic, analgesic b) Immunodepressive, anti-inflammatory, analgesic c) Antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory d) Anti-inflammatory, immunodepressive, antihistaminic
027. Which of the following NSAIDs is a propionic acid derivative? a) Ibuprofen b) Indomethacin c) Metamizole (Analgin) d) Diclofenac
028. Which of the following NSAIDs is an indol derivative? a) Ibuprofen b) Indomethacin c) Meclofenamic acid d) Diclofenac
029. Which of the following NSAIDs is a pyrazolone derivative? a) Ibuprofen b) Indomethacin c) Metamizole (Analgin) d) Diclofenac
030. Which of the following NSAIDs is a fenamate derivative? a) Phenylbutazone b) Indomethacin c) Meclofenamic acid d) Diclofenac
031. Which of the following NSAIDs is an oxicam derivative? a) Piroxicam b) Indomethacin c) Meclofenamic acid d) Diclofenac
032. Which of the following NSAIDs is a selective COX-2 inhibitor? a) Piroxicam b) Indomethacin c) Celecoxib d) Diclofenac
033. Which of the following NSAIDs is a nonselective COX inhibitor a) Piroxicam b) Rofecoxib c) Celecoxib d) All of the above
034. The following statements concerning aspirin are true, EXCEPT: a) In contrast to most other NSAIDs, aspirin irreversibly inhibits COX b) Aspirin interferes with the chemical mediators of the kallikrein system
c) Aspirin inhibits phospholipase A2 d) Aspirin inhibits tromboxane A2 formation
035. Indication for aspirin administration are the following, EXCEPT: a) Inflammatory conditions b) Decreasing the incidence of transient ischemic attack, unstable angina, coronary artery thrombosis with myocardial infarction, and thrombosis after coronary artery bypass grafting c) Relieving severe visceral pain, e.g. myocardial infarction, cancer pain condition, renal or biliary colic d) Reducing elevated body temperature
036. Side effects of aspirin include following: a) Gastric upset (intolerance) b) Salicylism (vomiting, tinnitus, decreased hearing, and vertigo) c) Gastric ulcers and upper gastrointestinal bleeding d) All of the above
037. Serious side effects of metamizole (analgin) include the following: a) Agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia b) Salicylism (vomiting, tinnitus, decreased hearing, and vertigo) c) Iatrogenic Cushing’s syndrome (rounding, puffiness, fat deposition and plethora alter the appearance of the face – moon faces) d) All of the above
038. Side effects of indometacin include the following: a) Abdominal pain, diarrhea, gastrointestinal hemorrhage and pancreatitis b) Dizziness, confusion and depression c) Trombocytopenia d) All of the above 039. Ketoprofen is a propionic acid derivative that inhibits both cyclooxygenase (nonselectively) and lipoxygenase. This statement is: a) True b) False
040. Ketorolac is an NSAID that is promoted for systemic use as an anti-inflammatory, not as an analgesic drug. This statement is: a) True b) False
041. Which of the following drugs is a 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOG) inhibitor? a) Ibuprofen b) Zileuton (Zyflo) c) Metamizole (Analgin) d) Diclofenac
042. Which of the following drugs is a leucotreine D4 receptor (LTD4) blocker? a) Ibuprofen b) Zileuton (Zyflo) c) Zafirleukast (Accolate) d) Diclofenac
043. Which of the following drugs is a thromboxane A2 receptor (TXA2) antagonist? a) Sulotroban b) Zileuton (Zyflo) c) Zafirleukast (Accolate) d) Diclofenac