MCQs PHARMACOLOGY: General anesthetics

001. The state of “general anesthesia” usually includes: a) Analgesia b) Loss of consciousness, inhibition of sensory and autonomic reflexes c) Amnesia d) All of the above

002. Inhaled anesthetics and intravenous agents having general anesthetic properties: a) Directly activate GABAA receptors b) Facilitate GABA action but have no direct action on GABAA receptors c) Reduce the excitatory glutamatergic neurotransmission d) Increase the duration of opening of nicotine-activated potassium channels

003. Indicate the anesthetic, which is an inhibitor of NMDA glutamate receptors: a) Thiopental b) Halothane c) Ketamine d) Sevoflurane

004. An ideal anesthetic drug would: a) Induces anesthesia smoothly and rapidly and secure rapid recovery b) Posses a wide margin of safety c) Be devoid of adverse effects d) All of the above

005. Which of the following general anesthetics belongs to inhalants? a) Thiopental b) Desfluran c) Ketamine d) Propofol

006. Indicate the anesthetic, which is used intravenously: a) Propofol b) Halothane c) Desflurane d) Nitrous oxide

007. Which of the following inhalants is a gas anesthetic? a) Halothane b) Isoflurane c) Nitrous oxide d) Desflurane

008. Sevoflurane has largely replaced halothane and isoflurane as an inhalation anesthetic of choice because: a) Induction of anesthesia is achieved more rapidly and smoothly b) Recovery is more rapid c) It has low post- anesthetic organ toxicity d) All of the above

009. The limitation of sevoflurane is: a) High incidence of coughing and laryngospasm b) Chemically unstable c) Centrally mediated sympathetic activation leading to a rise of BP and HR d) Hepatotoxicity

010. Which of the following inhalants lacks sufficient potency to produce surgical anesthesia by itself and therefore is commonly used with another inhaled or intravenous anesthetic? a) Halothane b) Sevoflurane c) Nitrous oxide d) Desflurane

011. Which of the following inhaled anesthetics has rapid onset and recovery? a) Nitrous oxide b) Desflurane c) Sevoflurane d) All of the above

012. Indicate the inhaled anesthetic, which reduces arterial pressure and heart rate: a) Isoflurane b) Halothane c) Desflurane d) Nitrous oxide

013. Which of the following inhaled anesthetics causes centrally mediated sympathetic activation leading to a rise in blood pressure and heart rate? a) Desflurane b) Sevoflurane c) Nitrous oxide d) Isofurane

014. Indicated the inhaled anesthetic, which decreases the ventilatory response to hypoxia: a) Sevoflurane b) Nitrous oxide c) Desflurane d) Halothane

015. Which of the following inhaled anesthetics is an induction agent of choice in patient with airway problems? a) Desfurane b) Nitrous oxide c) Halothane d) None of the above 016. Indicate the inhaled anesthetic, which causes the airway irritation: a) Nitrous oxide b) Sevoflurane c) Halothane d) Desflurane

017. Which of the following inhaled anesthetics increases cerebral blood flow least of all? a) Sevoflurane b) Nitrous oxide c) Isoflurane d) Desflurane

018. Indicate the inhaled anesthetic, which should be avoided in patients with a history of seizure disorders: a) Enflurane b) Nitrous oxide c) Sevoflurane d) Desflurane

019. Which of the following inhaled anesthetics can produce hepatic necrosis? a) Soveflurane b) Desflurane c) Halothane d) Nitrous oxide

020. Indicated the inhaled anesthetic, which may cause nephrotoxicity: a) Halothane b) Soveflurane c) Nitrous oxide d) Diethyl ether

021. Which of the following inhaled anesthetics decreases metheonine synthase activity and causes megaloblastic anemia? a) Desflurane b) Halothane c) Nitrous oxide d) Soveflurane

022. Unlike inhaled anesthetics, intravenous agents such as thiopental, etomidate, and propofol: a) Have a faster onset and rate of recovery b) Provide a state of conscious sedation c) Are commonly used for induction of anesthesia d) All of the above

023. Indicate the intravenous anesthetic, which is an ultra-short-acting barbiturate: a) Fentanyl b) Thiopental c) Midazolam d) Ketamine

024. Indicate the intravenous anesthetic, which is a benzodiazepine derivative: a) Midazolam b) Thiopental c) Ketamin d) Propofol

025. Which of the following agents is used to accelerate recovery from the sedative actions of intravenous benzodiazepines? a) Naloxone b) Flumazenil c) Ketamine d) Fomepizole

026. Neuroleptanalgesia has all of the following properties EXCEPT: a) Droperidol and fentanyl are commonly used b) It can be used with nitrous oxide to provide neuroleptanesthesia c) Hypertension is a common consequence d) Confusion and mental depression can occur as adverse effects

027. Which of the following intravenous anesthetics has antiemetic actions? a) Thiopental b) Propofol c) Ketamine d) Fentanyl

028. Indicate the intravenous anesthetic, which causes minimal cardiovascular and respiratory depressant effects: a) Propofol b) Thiopental c) Etomidate d) Midazolam 029. Indicate the intravenous anesthetic, which produces dissociative anesthesia: a) Midazolam b) Ketamine c) Fentanyl d) Thiopental

030. Ketamine anesthesia is associated with: a) Cardiovascular stimulation b) Increased cerebral blood flow, oxygen consumption and intracranial pressure c) Disorientation, sensory and perceptual illusions, and vivid dreams following anesthesia d) All of the above