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Must know for any exam!!

Discussion in 'PostGraduation Abroad' started by chocolate, Dec 14, 2013.

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    Dear doctors, we all giving in our best efforts to crack the dream entrance exam and get our dream field,I have taken a couple of entrance exams and realized that they are must know for me,.. so let's all put our must know facts, topics, so that it may benefit ......

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    , Nov 12, 2014
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    Organisms penetrating cornea. .
    Neisseria, corynebacterium, Listeria, h. Influenza
    SAFE
    S SURGERY
    A ANTIBIOTICS
    F FACIAL CLEANLINESS
    E ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE

    FISTO GRADING for trachoma
    F follicle more than 5 of at least 0.5 mm
    I intense ......

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    , Nov 12, 2014
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    Retinoblastoma
    Rb1 gene 13 q 14

    Reese Ellsworth classification for prognosis
    1st mc sign leucocoria, 2nd is strabismus
    Mc second tumour osteosarcoma
    Trilateral RB
    RB
    OSTEOSARCOMA
    PINEALOBLASTOMA
    flexer wintersteiner rosette
    LDH LEVELS increased in aqueous humour ......

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    PSVT ADENOSINE 0.1 mg / kg
    WPW FLECAINIDE ( treatment of choice is radio frequency ablation)
    TORSADES DE POINTES MAGNESIUM, PROPRNOLOL( congenital long qt)
    DIGOXIN INDUCED ARRHYTHMIAS - LIDOCAINE
    SVT - VERAPAMIL
    ATRIAL FIB - PROPANOLOL , ESMOLOL
    VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA - LIDOCAINE ......

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    Kidney

    Three fascia
    Anterior gerota
    Posterior zuakerKandl
    Lateral conal fascia

    Posterior relations of kidney
    4 muscle diaphragm, psoas, quadratus lumborum, transversus abdominus
    3 nerves subCostal, Iliohypogastric, Ilioinguinal
    2 ligaments , lateral and medial arcuate ligament
    1 vessel, subCostal vessels ......

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    Important cells in kidney
    Juxta cells secrete renin
    Macula densa cells sense sodium, chloride levels in dct
    Lacis cells are intermediate cells in jg apparatus
    P cells , principal cells in collecting duct for sodium reabsorption plus adh mediated water absorption
    I cells intercalated cells ......

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    PATHOGNOMONIC SIGNS

    1. COPD - Barrel-Chested
    2. Pneumonia - Greenish Rusty Sputum
    3. Pernicious Anemia - Beefy Red Tongue (Schilling’s Test)
    4. Kawasaki Disease. - Strawberry Tongue
    5. Typhoid - Stepladder Fever
    6. Typhoid - Rose Spot
    7. Tetany - Chvostek Sign ......

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    Strawberries of medicine:
    Strawberry tongue - Scarlett fever(white followed by red),Kawasaki's disease .
    Strawberry vagina/cervix - Trichomoniasis .
    Strawberry Gingivitis - Pathognomic of wegner's granulomatosis .
    Strawberry Gallbladder - Diffuse cholesterolosis .
    Strawberry Hemangioma/nevus -Birth marks .
    Strawberry picker's Palsy -peroneal nerve compression ......

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    Normal volume of urine 2 to 2.5 l
    Minimum volume of urine required to excrete the wastes 500 ml
    Normal osmol 290 mosm
    It can vary between 30 to 1400 depending on adh
    NOTE GFR IS not affected by adh
    Normal excretion of protein per ......

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    Clearance = gfr = no net tubular secretion or absorption
    Clearance > gfr = net tubular secretion
    Clearance < gfr = net tubular reabsorption

    Tm = transport maximum
    This concept applies only for substances which are actively absorbed or secreted by the kidney
    ......

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