Instruments used in Dentistry

RONGEUR FORCEPS

Rongeur forceps are cutting instruments designed to cut and contour bone. Springs located between their handles separate their beaks when closing pressure is not being applied. The dentist may ask for a single rongeur.

a. Rongeur number 1A is both a side and end cutting instrument.

b. Rongeur number 4A is a side cutting rongeur.


For students
Oral Surgery Set-Up Instruments Required:
1.Basic Materials
2.Floss
3.Bite Block
4.Periosteal Elevator
5.Miller Curette
6. Rongeurs
7.Bone File
8.Elevators (Various Angles)
9.Hemostat
10.Angled Scissors
11.Chromic Gut Suture (3.0 or 4.0)
12. Scalpel (Number 15)


Coupland’s Chisel is used to elevate (lift) and separate the tooth from the periodontal membrane making
the tooth loose in the socket and easier to extract with forceps. These chisels come in three different sizes
1,2,3 & as seen in the picture

(I) Bard Parker blade handle, (II) No. 10 blade,
(III) No. 11 blade, (IV) No. 12 blade, (V) No. 15 blade,
(VI) Dissecting scissors
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Blades
• No. 10—For making skin incisions
• No. 11—For making stab incisions (for example, to
drain an abscess)
• No. 12—For mucogingival procedures
• No. 15—For intraoral surgery.

Dissecting Scissors
As the name suggests, dissecting scissors are used to perform soft tissue dissection in the deeper layers. The scissors have a blunt nose for undermining the tissues and a side cutting edge for cutting the tissues.




Cryer’s Elevator

Cryer‘s elevator is a straight elevator with a triangular
blade. The working tip is angulated, with one convex and another flat surface. The flat surface is the working side. It is based on the lever and the wedge principle.


Uses
1. For extraction of root stump of mandibular molars when one root is removed and the other is to be removed.

2. For extraction of mandibular molar root stumps
when both the roots are present but one is fractured
at a lower level than the other or when the bifurcation is intact.

Two separate elevators are available for the mesial and distal roots. The working blade is introduced into the empty socket and moved towards the remaining root piece. In this technique the interradicular bone is fractured prior to removal of the root stump.




Biopsy forceps are long-handled instruments with biting ends that are cup-shaped to harvest an adequate amount of mucosa. They are particularly useful in pharyngeal lesions for which the use of a scalpel is more challenging

(A) Bard Parker blade handle, (B) No. 10 blade, (C) No.
11 blade, (D) No. 12 blade, (E) No. 15 blade, (F) Dissecting scissors






Cryer’s Elevator
Cryer‘s elevator is a straight elevator with a triangular
blade. The working tip is angulated, with one convex
and another flat surface. The flat surface is the working
side. It is based on the lever and the wedge principle.

Uses
1. For extraction of root stump of mandibular molars
when one root is removed and the other is to be
removed.
2. For extraction of mandibular molar root stumps
when both the roots are present but one is fractured
at a lower level than the other or when the bifurcation
is intact.

Two separate elevators are available for the mesial and distal roots. The working blade is introduced into the empty socket and moved towards the remaining root piece. In this technique the interradicular bone is fractured prior to removal of the root stump.





How to use the physics forceps ?

One force is applied with the beak on the lingual aspect of the tooth or root. The second force is applied via the “bumper” which is placed on the alveolar ridge at the approximate location of the mucogingival junction .

When it is critical to preserve the five walls of the socket, such as in immediate implant placement, special precautions can be taken such as reducing the buccal aspect of the tooth to be extracted a couple of mm with a diamond bur subgingivally and consider using a periotome prior to placing the forceps.

The handles of the Physics Forceps are not squeezed, just held, and a gentle but steady rotational force is applied through a small amount of wrist movement only. Then apply a steady pressure in this position for about 1.5 – 2 minutes. As the instrument is allowed to do what it is intended to do, an element of “creep” allows the bone to slowly expand and the PDL to release. Once this occurs, the tooth will disengage and rise approximately 1 – 2 mm occlusally. The tooth is now hanging in the socket and can be delivered with a hemostat, rongeur or conventional forcep.